本回顾性研究证实,EBV 血清学状态及病毒载量均不会显著影响儿童肝移植受者校正体重后的他克莫司浓度 / 剂量(C/D)比值,提示 EBV 感染不改变该人群他克莫司药代动力学,临床无需因 EBV 指标波动调整他克莫司常规给药方案。现有仅一项同类研究观察到 EBV 病毒载量与他克莫司谷值存在关联,但该研究未采用 C/D 比值校正给药剂量,其浓度变化更可能源于临床主动减用免疫抑制剂,而非 EBV 直接干扰药物代谢[6]。
既往机制假说认为 EBV 感染可升高 IL-6、TNF-α 等炎症因子,下调 CYP3A4/3A5 酶与 P - 糖蛋白表达,进而升高他克莫司血药浓度[7],但本研究未检测炎症标志物,无法验证该通路。研究观察到个体间 C/D 比值差异巨大,供肝受者体重比、术后早期肝脏再生、肠道 CYP 酶发育、药物相互作用及 CYP3A 基因多态性是更关键的混杂因素[8]。
本研究存在单中心、回顾性、样本量有限、缺乏供受者 CYP 基因分型等局限;不同中心 EBV 检测阈值差异也降低结果外推性。此外,缺少炎症细胞因子数据,无法阐明 EBV、炎症与药物代谢间潜在关联。
参考文献
[1] M. Spada, S. Riva, G. Maggiore, D. Cintorino, B. Gridelli, Pediatric liver transplantation, World J Gastroenterol, 15 (2009) 648-674.
[2] A.G. Cuenca, H.B. Kim, K. Vakili, Pediatric liver transplantation, Semin Pediatr Surg, 26 (2017) 217-223.
[3] R.H. Wiesner, J.J. Fung, Present state of immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant recipients, Liver Transpl, 17 Suppl 3 (2011) S1-9.
[4] M. Brunet, T. van Gelder, A. Asberg, V. Haufroid, D.A. Hesselink, L. Langman, F. Lemaitre, P. Marquet, C. Seger, M. Shipkova, A. Vinks, P. Wallemacq, E. Wieland, J.B. Woillard, M.J. Barten, K. Budde, H. Colom, M.T. Dieterlen, L. Elens, K.L. Johnson-Davis, P.K. Kunicki, I. MacPhee, S. Masuda, B.S. Mathew, O. Millan, T. Mizuno, D.A.R. Moes, C. Monchaud, O. Noceti, T. Pawinski, N. Picard, R. van Schaik, C. Sommerer, N.T. Vethe, B. de Winter, U. Christians, S. Bergan, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus-Personalized Therapy: Second Consensus Report, Therapeutic drug monitoring, 41 (2019) 261-307.
[5] L.M. de Jong, W. Jiskoot, J.J. Swen, M.L. Manson, Distinct Effects of Inflammation on Cytochrome P450 Regulation and Drug Metabolism: Lessons from Experimental Models and a Potential Role for Pharmacogenetics, Genes (Basel), 11 (2020).
[6] T. Orii, N. Ohkohchi, S. Satomi, Y. Hoshino, H. Kimura, Decreasing the Epstein-Barr virus load by adjusting the FK506 blood level, Transpl Int, 15 (2002) 529-534.
[7] R. Jover, R. Bort, M.J. Gomez-Lechon, J.V. Castell, Down-regulation of human CYP3A4 by the inflammatory signal interleukin-6: molecular mechanism and transcription factors involved, FASEB J, 16 (2002) 1799-1801.
[8] K. Shoji, I. Miyairi, E. Inoue, A. Fukuda, S. Sakamoto, M. Kasahara, Graft-to-Recipient Weight Ratio Associated With Tacrolimus Metabolism Following Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantations, J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther, 24 (2019) 138-147.